Ottawa Places of Interest

Canadian War Museum
Even before considering the wealth of history contained within its walls, the Canadian War Museum is a site to see. The dramatic grass-covered roof, housing gardens meant to symbolize regeneration, rises to a peak at one end, imitating the undulating European landscape where Canadians fought in the two World Wars. The small windows spell "Lest we forget" in Morse code and the copper accents are from the roof of the Library of Parliament. Inside, the museum traces Canada's military history in galleries such as Battleground and Forged in Fire. Guests can walk through a trench among bursting shells or see military vehicles and Hitler's Mercedes-Benz. The reverent Memorial Hall is a soundproof space containing one single element, the headstone of the Unknown Soldier from the First World War.
The museum offers several spaces for private events of up to 2,000 guests. The Canadian War Museum is open Friday through Wednesday, May 1 to June 30 and September 2 to October 13, from 9 AM to 6 PM and Thursday from 9 AM to 9 PM; Saturday through Wednesday, July 1 to September 1, from 9 AM to 6 PM and Thursday and Friday from 9 AM to 9 PM; and Tuesday through Sunday, October 14 to April 30, from 9 AM to 5 PM and Thursday from 9 AM to 9 PM. Tickets are C$3 for ages 3-12, C$10 for adults and C$8 for seniors and students. Admission is free Thursday from 4 to 8 PM. For more information: 819-776-8600

National Gallery of Canada
Most guests are drawn to the National Gallery by the huge spider looming by the entrance, though the building's unique architecture certainly sets it apart as well. A glass steeple rises above the glass-sided ramp leading up to the Great Hall, whose circular shape echoes that of the Library of Parliament visible in the distance. As Canada's top showcase for Canadian art, visitors can view displays ranging from portraits by 18th century artist William Berczy to contemporary artist Joe Fafard's miniature-sized bronze horse. Also on display is the reconstructed interior of the Rideau Street Convent Chapel, removed from a 1880s convent, a lovely wood room with the continent's only neo-Gothic fan-vaulted ceiling.
The museum offers several spaces for private events, from the small 20-seat seminar rooms to 7,525-square-foot Great Hall overlooking the Parliament buildings, Ottawa River and Gatineau Hills. The National Gallery of Canada is open Friday through Wednesday, May 1 to September 30, from 9 AM to 5 PM and Thursday from 9 AM to 8 PM. It is open Tuesday and Wednesday and Friday through Sunday, October 1 to April 30, from 9 AM to 5 PM and Thursday from 9 AM to 8 PM. Tickets are C$4 ages 12-19, C$9 for adults and C$7 for seniors and students. Tickets for children under age 12 are free. For more information: 613-998-8888

Parliament Hill
Parliament Hill, located on the banks of the Ottawa River, is a collection of Gothic buildings that house the Parliament of Canada. Attracting nearly three million visitors per year, the over one million square feet encompassed by the Hill has been a landmark for years. The most prominent building is Centre Block, location of the House of Commons and Senate Chambers, often recognized for its Peace Tower, rising 300 feet above the buildings. Statues and monuments, including that of Queen Victoria, Queen Elizabeth II, John George Diefenbaker and William Lyon Mackenzie King, as well as English and Victorian Gothic gardens populate the grounds.
The Hill is also the location of several events throughout the year. These events include Canada Day and the Changing of the Guard, when members of two of Canada's most historic regiments, the Canadian Grenadier Guards and the Governor General's Foot Guards, march each morning to the front lawn.
Public tours run all year, with schedules and hours varying based on if Parliament is in session. Outdoor guided tours of the historical figures on Parliament Hill run daily June 21 to September 1. The Changing of the Guard takes place, weather permitting, during the summer at 10 AM. Guided tours of Parliament Hill are available by reservation for groups of 10 or more people. For more information: 613-996-0896
Sussex Drive
Bordering the Byward Market, the ceremonial route of Sussex Drive leads past numerous notable sites in the city on its path parallel to the Ottawa River. The Prime Minister and Governor General both reside on the drive, along with several embassies. Visitors can see the concrete, bunker-like U.S. Embassy, the Art Deco French Embassy and the glistening white Saudi Arabia Embassy, among others. The National Gallery of Canada, Royal Canadian Mint and Peacekeeping Monument, three life-size peacekeeping soldier statues commemorating Canada's role in international peacekeeping, also call Sussex Drive home.
Rideau Hall, the governor's residence, is an 1838 mansion available for private tours. Tours run daily July to August and weekends May to October. For more information: 613-991-4422
Ottawa Entertainment

Byward Market
Just down the hill from Parliament, the five-block Byward Market bustles as a marketplace and entertainment center, where local farmers have sold their produce for over 150 years. Casual snack bars offer Indian to French dishes, and the surrounding streets are home to a fish market, butchers, bakeries and delicatessens. Interspersed between the food shops, elegant boutiques sell a variety of items from clothing to furnishings while trendy restaurants, bars and clubs keep the area hopping late into the night.

Casino du Lac-Leamy
Water sprouting high in the air from a giant fountain marks the spot of Casino du Lac Leamy. Edging Lake Leamy, the casino attracts gamblers 24 hours a day to its more than 1,900 slots and over 65 tables including baccarat, roulette and poker. High rollers can opt to play in the high limits gaming area, which has its own lounge. For a break from the tables, the casino offers two bars with live entertainment and three restaurants including the gourmet La Baccara, one of only two CAA/AAA five diamond restaurants in the area. Along the walkway linking the casino to the adjacent 349-room Hilton Lac-Leamy, the casino's theater hosts entertainment from musicals to acrobatic shows. For more information: 819-772-2100

National Arts Centre
In honor of Canada's Centennial in 1968, the federal government built the National Arts Centre, the only multi-discipline bilingual performing arts center in North America. As Canada's major performance center, it houses four stages that are home to the National Arts Centre Orchestra, the Canada Dance Festival and English and French Theatre productions, and hosts the foremost performers, dancers and musicians from around the world. In the summer, the outdoor terrace at the centre's restaurant Le Café makes a popular spot for dining with a view of the Rideau Canal.
All stages, from the 150-seat Fourth Stage to the 2,323-seat Southam Hall, are available for rent. Schedules and prices vary based on event. For more information: 613-947-7000
Ottawa Restaurants
Le Baccara
Isolated from the action in Gatineau's Casino Lac-Leamy, Le Baccara boasts dishes with a contemporary twist to classical French cuisine. Cocooned by rich dark wood walls, golden-colored drapes and views of the lake, diners can enjoy selections such as rack of caribou in a crushed nut and juniper berry crust, beet and fig compote, or lobster and sauteed scallops served with cuttlefish ink ravioli. The five-course Chef's Tasting Menu features surprises created by the chef from the restaurant's open kitchen. Guests can also opt to choose their own preferences with the eight-course Menu Gastronomique. Wines from a 13,000-bottle collection can pair any dish.
L'Exécutif, the private dining room, is available for groups of 10 or more people. Le Baccara is open Wednesday through Sunday from 5:30 to 11 PM and Monday and Tuesday by reservation only. Entrees range from C$29 to C$58. The Chef's Tasting Menu is C$90 and the Menu Gastronomique is C$115. For more information: 819-772-6210
Empire Grill
Smack in the middle of Byward Market, the Empire Grill serves an eclectic and inventive menu in its contemporary-style rooms and large patio. The restaurant is best known for its Alberta Certified Angus beef, aged a minimum of 28 days for the most flavor and tenderness, and served in cuts such as the Manhattan Cut New York Strip and 16-ounce rib eye. Other specialties include the include bison strip loin with foie gras butter and chicken supreme stuffed with apples and smoked cheddar.
The restaurant can accommodate up to 150 people in its private dining rooms. Empire Grill serves lunch Monday through Friday from 11 AM to 4 PM and Saturday and Sunday from 9 AM to 4 PM and dinner Monday through Sunday from 4 PM to close. Lunch entrees range from C$20 to C$30 and dinner entrees range from C$16 to C$54. For more information: 613-241-1343
Restaurant e18hteen
At trendy Restaurant e18hteen in the Byward Market, chef Matthew Carmichael is motivated by local producers and the country's multiculturalism to produce what he calls "Canadian freestyle cuisine." Guests can start with freshwater chestnut prawn dumplings, followed by main courses such as oven roasted ostrich, pan roasted Atlantic salmon or Digby sea scallops with risotto. The Tahitian vanilla crème brulée with berry compote rounds out the meal. To leave selections to the expert, guests can also opt for the five-course blind tasting.
The restaurant can accommodate groups of up to 100 people and offers wine tastings and themed cocktail receptions. Restaurant e18ghteen opens daily at 3:30 PM for cocktails and serves dinner from 5 PM to close. Dinner entrees range from C$38 to C$45. The five-course blind tasting is C$75. For more information: 613-244-1188
Signatures
Signatures, the restaurant at the Ottawa branch of France's famous Cordon Bleu cooking school, has the only five diamond CAA/AAA rating in Ottawa. Located in an elegant 1874 Tudor-style mansion, Signatures serves a modern interpretation of French classical cuisine. The gourmet menu varies from a three-course Taste of Canada to a six-course gourmet delight featuring inventive dishes such as deconstructed Andalusian gazpacho, peppercorn-encrusted Alberta beef tenderloin, and Boileau Forest venison loin in an aromatic garnish accompanied by honey caramelized autumn fruits and chestnut cannelloni.
Signatures is available for private events complete with cooking demonstrations and lessons. The restaurant is open for dinner Tuesday through Saturday from 5:30 to 10 PM. For more information: 613-236-2499
Social Restaurant and Lounge
Social's progressive Canadian cuisine, a mix of traditional French and contemporary North American, fits the setting, a historic stone building on the ceremonial route edging Byward Market. Guests can savor black cod accompanied by smoked ham hock dumplings and shaved turnips, or try chicken breast with crisp potato gnocchi, baby carrots and brown butter sauce. Live entertainment is available Wednesday through Saturday evenings.
The restaurant offers group accommodations for up to 125 people. Social is open Monday through Wednesday from 11:45 to 1 AM, Thursday through Saturday from 11:45 to 2 AM and Sunday from 11:45 AM to midnight. Lunch entrees range from C$9 to C$18 and dinner entrees range from C$21 to C$35. For more information: 613-789-7355
Yangtze Restaurant
Occupying a glass-walled building overlooking Somerset Street, this long-established Ottawa restaurant features Cantonese and Szechwan dishes. Yangtze's popular Dim Sum, a light Chinese meal served with tea, draws a big crowd every day of the week. The extensive dinner menu includes classics such as Kung Po Chicken, Moo Shoo Beef and Peking Duck, and the Late Night Snack Menu offers smaller portions of the regular menu, Dim Sum and special dishes.
The dining room and private banquet room can seat groups of up to 300 people. Yangtze is open Monday through Thursday from 11 AM to midnight, Friday from 11 to 1 AM, Saturday from 10 to 1 AM and Sunday from 10 AM to midnight. For more information: 613-236-0555
Ottawa Nightlife
Café Paradiso
As Ottawa's premiere jazz club, Café Paradiso combines casual dining with live jazz downtown on Bank Street. Local and international singers and musicians such as MEM3 and the East Side Quartet take the stage from Thursday through Saturday. Guests can also enjoy a full bar and martini list, with selections such as the Choco-Tini, El Carmen and the classic Cosmopolitan. Shows generally start between 7 and 9:30 PM, but schedules vary based on event. Speciality martinis start at C$9. Some events require cover charges. For more information: 613-565-0657
Maxwell's Bistro & Club
The dance club on the top level of Maxwell's Bistro & Club sets this establishment apart from many of the more low key and relaxed bars along hip Elgin Street. Above the casual bistro and bar on the first floor, Johnny Vegas and the Johnny Vegas Orchestra gets the crowd dancing to swing and other classics Wednesday nights, while a DJ spins hits Thursday through Saturday. Downstairs, guests can enjoy over 26 wine varieties or one of 27 different small plates during Happy Hour. Wines by the glass start at C$6.50. For more information: 613-232-5771
Metropolitain Brasserie
Red leather banquettes, dark wood tables and chairs and a brass-trimmed bar make stepping into the Metropolitain Brasserie like stepping into a bistro in Paris. Politicos and business people flock to the brasserie, steps away from Parliament Hill, to enjoy the city's largest raw bar full of clams, oysters, mussels and jumbo shrimp, offered at reduced prices during the Hill Hour Monday through Friday from 4 to 7 PM. Patrons can also sip on a variety of cocktails, martinis, wines and beers. The Parisian Honey concoction of gin, lychee, grapefruit and cranberry, and the Salty Poodle, a mix of tequila, cointreau, crème de cassis, and lime and grapefruit juices, are favorites. Cocktails and martinis are C$9 and wines by the glass start at C$7. The brasserie seats 250 people inside and 60 people in the courtyard. For more information: 613-562-1160
Rainbow Bistro
Ottawa's top blues club, the Rainbow Bistro, always has music on tap. For 23 years, blues has echoed off of the rooms of the bistro, though the entertainment has recently begun to expand to other options such as pop, jazz, country and reggae. Guests can enjoy a drink or hit the dance floor in the cozy "Chalet" décor, complete with exposed stone and brick walls, wooden beams, skylights and a fireplace. Shows run seven days a week, including open-stage jams Tuesday evenings and Saturday and Sunday afternoons.
Rainbow Bistro is open Sunday through Thursday until 1 AM and Friday and Saturday until 2 AM. Schedules and prices vary based on event, but some events require cover charges. Matinee shows are free. Beer starts at C$4.50. For more information: 613-241-5123
Family Activities in Ottawa
Canada Science and Technology Museum
The authentic lighthouse and train sitting outside the Canadian Science and Technology Museum beckon visitors inside to explore exhibits about forestry, graphic arts, communications, marine and land transportation, astronomy, communications, space and more. Exhibits also address how science and technology have changed and influenced the country. Guests can climb aboard steam trains' cabs and business cars at Locomotive Hall or work in an amateur radio station at the Plugged-in World of Communications Exhibit. The museum also boasts a virtual ride simulator where visitors can explore space, and the Helen Sawyer Hogg Observatory, home of a 15-inch refractor telescope.
Several museum spaces are available for private events. The Canada Science and Technology Museum is open daily, May 1 to Labor Day, from 9 AM to 5 PM and Tuesday through Sunday, Labor Day to April 30, from 9 AM to 5 PM. Tickets are C$0.50 for children ages 4-14, C$7.50 for adults and C$5 for students and seniors. Tickets for children under 4 are free. Parking is complimentary. For more information: 613-991-3044

Canadian Museum of Civilization
Sitting across the Ottawa River in Gatineau with a superb view of the Parliamentary Library, the Canadian Museum of Civilization is one of the area's oldest cultural institutions, not to mention one of the most architecturally stunning, with curves mimicking the Gatineau hills in the distance. The museum takes guests on a walk following Canada's history from prehistoric times through today.
Exhibits include a life-size reconstruction of a Québec City inn from the 18th century, a British officer's quarters, and an 1885 Ontario street scene complete with a woman's millinery and dry goods, glass and earthenware shops displaying goods typical of the time. Visitors have the opportunity to explore among 3.75 million artifacts, from a grain of rice engraved with a map of Canada to the 15,400-pound plaster copy of the Spirit of Haida Gwaii, a sculpture representing the people of Canada's Haida Gwaii region.
The museum has various facilities, from conference rooms to two theaters, available for private events. The Canadian Museum of Civilization is open Friday through Wednesday, May 1 to June 30 and September 2 to October 13, from 9 AM to 6 PM and Thursday until 9 PM. It is open Saturday through Wednesday, July 1 to September 2, from 9 AM to 6 PM and Thursday and Friday from 9 AM to 9 PM; and Tuesday through Sunday, October 14 to April 30, from 9 AM to 5 PM and Thursday until 9 PM. Tickets are C$3 for ages 3-12, C$10 for adults and C$8 for seniors and students. Tickets are C$3 for ages 3-12, C$10 for adults and C$8 for seniors and students. Admission is free Thursday from 4 to 8 PM. For more information: 819-776-7000
Canadian Museum of Nature
In a historic building resembling a Scottish castle, the Canadian Museum of Nature traces Canada's natural history through its outstanding collection of plants, birds and mammals. Guests can explore 300 species, from complete dinosaur skeletons to early mammals that lived 35 to 85 million years ago at the Fossil Gallery or stroll through the Mammal Gallery to see dioramas of Canada's wild animals of bison, moose, caribou and more. The High Definition Cinema's nature documentaries invite visitors to dive with whales and sharks or journey back to when woolly mammoths roamed North America.
Renovations to the museum began in 2004 are expected to be complete in 2009. Planned additions include the Nature of Humans Exhibit, tracing human life from conception to death, and the Water Gallery, a look at the three oceans bordering Canada and its many lakes.
The museum has several rooms available for private events. The Canadian Museum of Nature is open daily, May 1 to September 1, from 9 AM to 6 PM and Wednesday and Thursday until 8 PM. It is open Tuesday through Sunday, September 2 to April 30, from 9 AM to 5 PM and Thursday until 8 PM. Admission is C$5 for adults. Admission for children under 3 is free as is Saturday admission from 9 AM to noon. For more information: 613-566-4700
Hull-Chelsea-Wakefield Steam Train
Visitors can spend a day traveling through the scenic Gatineau Hills on one of the last authentic steam trains still operating in North America. Throughout the trip the conductor provides a narrative tour of the passing sites and strolling musicians entertain up and down the aisles. Travelers disembark for two hours at Wakefield, a quaint village full of shops and restaurants, before the train is manually turned around for the return trip.
Specialty trips are available, such as the Fall Foilage trip and the Sunset Dinner Train, which serves a five-course French meal. Hours and schedules vary based on time of year and train type. Tickets start at C$20 for children under 12, C$41 for adults and C$39 for seniors. For more information: 819-778-7246
Recreation and Outdoors in Ottawa
Central Experimental Farm
Founded in 1886, the Central Experimental Farm, a 998-acre agricultural research station and working farm, gives Canada the notoriety of being the only country with a working farm in the heart of its capital. Visitors can walk through the Dominion Arboretum, home to 1,700 different species and varieties of flora, to have a picnic under trees imported from China and France, or enjoy the fragrant aromas of flowers and blossoming trees at the eight-acre Ornamental Gardens and greenhouses. The Canada Agricultural Museum, a modern working farm, showcases a variety of farming tools and animals such as sheep and cows.
The museum is open daily, March 1 to October 31, from 9 AM to 5 PM. The barns are open daily from 9 AM to 5 PM. Museum and barn admission is C$3 for children ages 3-14, C$6 for adults and C$4 for seniors and students. Barn admission is free November 1 to February 28. Admission to the Dominion Arboretum and Ornamental Gardens is free. For more information: 613-991-3044

Dows Lake
Dows Lake Pavilion on the historic Rideau Canal is only minutes from downtown. Guests can take advantage of Ottawa's location near the water in summer months by renting pedal boats, canoes, kayaks and rowboats at the pavilion. During winter months, the Canal becomes the world's longest skating rink and small skating "igloos" are built over the ice to shield skaters from the elements; skates and sleds are available for rent.
Malone's Lakeside Grill and Mexicali Rosa's offer great waterfront views and patios to relax after a tiring day on the water; both restaurants offer space for private events. The Dows Lake rental office is open daily during the summer from 10 AM to 8 PM. It is open daily during the spring and fall from 11 AM to 7 PM and Monday through Saturday during the winter from 9:30 AM to 9 PM and Sunday from 9 AM to 8 PM. Prices vary based on activity. For more information: 613-232-1001

Gatineau Park
Gatineau Park on the hills of the Canadian Shield is Ottawa's magnificent year-round recreational playground. The 137-square-mile nature reserve, just 15 minutes from Parliament Hill, is an outdoor paradise with lakes for swimming, boating and fishing, grounds for camping, cliffs for mountain climbing, and 20 miles of twisting roads for cycling and hiking. In the middle of the parks sits former Prime Minister Mackenzie King's summer estate, open for public tours. When the leaves burst into glorious fall colors, Gray Line offers fall foliage tours. Park admission is free, but certain attractions may require fees. Parking is C$8. For more information: 819-827-2020
The Marshes Golf Club at Brookstreet
Home of the 2005 and 2006 Canadian PGA Seniors' Championship, the four diamond Marshes Championship Golf Course, designed by Robert Trent Jones II, is a leading corporate facility located at the Brookstreet Hotel in Ottawa. Golfers can jump from hole to hole on the GPS-equipped golf carts, driving past streams and lakes with the Gatineau Hills in the distance. With as many as four tee decks per hole, the Marshes' bent-grass fairways and greens challenge all levels of golfers. The 27,000-square-foot clubhouse is available for private events. Prices vary based on time of day. For more information: 613-271-3370
Ottawa Tours
Diefenbunker
This once-secret Cold War Bunker buried deep in fields on the outskirts of Ottawa, a shooting location of the film The Sum of All Fears, was nicknamed the Diefenbunker after then-Prime Minister John Diefenbaker, whose government built the four-story building. Designed to protect 535 people including the Prime Minister, his cabinet, the Governor-General and military personnel against a nuclear blast equivalent to five million tons of explosives, the 100,000-square-foot building was the flagship of a nation-wide system of bunkers. Closed in 1994, the bunker is now open for tours, on which a guide takes visitors to all four floors and rooms such as the Bank of Canada vault for storing the country's gold, the Prime Minister's private quarters and the CBC studio for emergency broadcasting.
The Diefenbunker's War Cabinet room and Main Dining Area are available for private events. Tours run Monday through Friday at 2 PM and weekends at 11 AM, 1 PM and 2 PM. Tickets are C$6 for children ages 6-17, C$14 for adults and C$12.50 for seniors and college students. Reservations are required. For more information: 613-839-007
Laurier House
Built in 1878, Laurier House was home to two of Canada's most important prime ministers, Sir Wilfred Laurier and William Lyon Mackenzie King, whose political life spanned the two World Wars. Much of the Second Empire-style house has been restored to its King era furnishing and décor. Guests can see memorabilia including gifts from around the world such as classical paintings and archeological finds from thousands of years ago, as well as King's crystal ball, which he used to channel spirits for help in decision-making. The tour also takes guests to a replica of Nobel Prize winner and former Prime Minister Lester Pearson's home office.
Tours run Monday through Friday, April 2 to May 16, from 9 AM to 5 PM, and daily, May 17 to October 8, from 9 AM to 5 PM. Tickets are C$1.90 for children, C$3.90 for adults and C$3.40 for seniors. Parking is available on nearby streets. For more information: 613-992-8142
Ottawa Boat Cruises
Guests in Ottawa have numerous options to view the city from the water, getting a glimpse of how it was seen and developed by the first settlers.
Lady Dive Tour
The Lady Dive Splash Tour is a one-hour-long adventure through the city by both land and water. Guests board an amphibious vehicle that carries them to various city landmarks while a bilingual guide recounts humorous stories and historical facts about what they see.
Tours run May 1 to October 31. Tickets are C$10 for children under 5, C$20 for children ages 6-12, C$30 for adults and C$27 for seniors and students. For more information: 613-524-2221

Paul's Boat Line Cruises
Operating since 1936, Paul's Boat Line provides both a one-hour-and-fifteen-minute-long narrated cruise on the Rideau Canal and a one-and-a-half-hour-long cruise on the Ottawa River. Guests on the Rideau Canal Cruise board boats built especially to travel down the canal to enjoy views of sites such as the University of Ottawa, Landsdowne Park, National Arts Centre and Experimental Farm. The Ottawa River Cruise takes voyagers past landmarks such as the Parliament buildings, Supreme Court, Museum of Civilization and National Arts Gallery. Participants can elect to enjoy the sites from either the open-air upper deck or bar on the lower deck. Charter cruises are available.
Paul's Boat Line cruises depart throughout the day, from 10 AM to 4:30 PM, with hours and schedules varying based on cruise and departure point. Evening cruises depart between 7 and 8:30 PM, June 22 to September 3, with hours and schedules varying based on cruise and departure point. The Rideau Canal Cruise costs C$9 for children ages 5-15, C$16 for adults and C$14 for seniors and students. The Ottawa River Cruise costs C$10 for children ages 5-15, C$18 for adults and C$16 for seniors and students. Combination ticket packages are available. For more information: 613-225-6781
Ottawa Boat Cruise
For smaller groups, the Ottawa Boat Cruise offers a "Dining and Dancing" sunset cruise for up to 200 passengers. Travelers can enjoy dinner and drinks and a professional DJ as the vessel serenely glides over the water. The Ottawa Boat Cruise also offers two vessels, Miss Gatineau and Ottawa River Queen, for private charters. With capacities for 180 and 340 passengers, respectively, the cruises delight guests with a DJ, dance floor and bars while journeying past notable sites such as Parliament Hill and the Canada Museum of Civilization.
The Dining and Dancing cruise departs at 7 PM and returns at 11 PM. Tickets are C$49.95 per passenger. Private charters are priced based on time, the day of week and vessel. For more information: 613-724-8408



